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Adjectives

  Adjectives

Definition: Adjectives modify or describe nouns, providing more detail about them.



**Definition:**
- Adjectives are words that describe, modify, or give more information about nouns or pronouns.

**Functions of Adjectives:**
1. **Descriptive Adjectives:**
   - Provide specific details about a noun's qualities or characteristics.
   - Example: "The **red** apple," "A **tall** building."

2. **Quantitative Adjectives:**
   - Indicate quantity or amount.
   - Example: "Three apples," "Some water," "Many people."

3. **Demonstrative Adjectives:**
   - Point out specific nouns.
   - Example: "This book," "That car," "These cookies," "Those houses."

4. **Possessive Adjectives:**
   - Show ownership or possession.
   - Example: "My book," "Her house," "Our dog," "Their car."

5. **Interrogative Adjectives:**
   - Used to ask questions about nouns.
   - Example: "Which book?," "What color?," "Whose pen?"

6. **Distributive Adjectives:**
   - Refer to individual members of a group.
   - Example: "Each student," "Every book," "Either option," "Neither answer."

**Degrees of Comparison:**
1. **Positive Degree:**
   - Describes a single noun without comparing it to others.
   - Example: "A **smart** student."

2. **Comparative Degree:**
   - Compares two nouns.
   - Usually formed by adding "-er" to the adjective or using "more" before the adjective.
   - Example: "A **smarter** student," "More beautiful."

3. **Superlative Degree:**
   - Compares three or more nouns.
   - Usually formed by adding "-est" to the adjective or using "most" before the adjective.
   - Example: "The **smartest** student," "Most beautiful."

**Position of Adjectives:**
1. **Attributive Position:**
   - Before the noun they modify.
   - Example: "A **happy** child," "The **blue** sky."

2. **Predicative Position:**
   - After a linking verb (is, are, seem, etc.) and modify the subject of the sentence.
   - Example: "The child is **happy**," "The sky looks **blue**."

**Order of Adjectives:**
- When multiple adjectives are used together, they typically follow this order:
  1. **Quantity or number** (e.g., "three")
  2. **Quality or opinion** (e.g., "beautiful")
  3. **Size** (e.g., "large")
  4. **Age** (e.g., "old")
  5. **Shape** (e.g., "round")
  6. **Color** (e.g., "red")
  7. **Proper adjective (often nationality, other place of origin, or material)** (e.g., "French," "wooden")
  8. **Purpose or qualifier** (e.g., "sleeping" in "sleeping bag")

  - Example: "A **beautiful small old round red French** car."

**Tips:**
- Avoid double comparatives (e.g., "more better") and double superlatives (e.g., "most smartest").
- Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms (e.g., "good," "better," "best").
- Not all adjectives are gradable (e.g., "unique," "perfect").


Exercises:

  1. Identify Adjectives:

    • Circle all the adjectives in the following sentence: "The small, old dog sat quietly on the soft, green grass."

  2. Adjective Comparison:

    • Write three sentences comparing using adjectives: big, bigger, biggest.

  3. Adjective Placement:

    • Rewrite the following sentences by placing the adjective correctly: "She wore a hat (blue)." "They live in a house (large)."

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